4. Answer the following questions in one or two words:

a. On which factor is democracy based?

Ans. Participation of

b. Who is responsible for holding free and fair elections in India?

Ans. Election Commission.

c. Who appoints all the three members of the Election Commission of India?

Ans. President

d. How many types of parties are there in India?

Ans. 2

5. Answer the following questions in brief:

a. What are election manifestos?

Ans. Election manifestos are documents released by political parties outlining their policies, programs, and promises if they win the election.

b. What is meant by constituency?

Ans. A constituency is a geographical area represented by an elected official in a legislative body.

c. What is meant by campaigning?

Ans. Campaigning refers to organized efforts by political candidates or parties to persuade voters to support them in an election.

d. What is a coalition government?

Ans. A coalition government is formed when multiple political parties join together to form a government, usually because no single party has won a majority in an election.

e. Name two national and two regional parties of India.

Two national parties:

1. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

2. Indian National Congress (INC)

Two regional parties:

1. All India Trinamool Congress (TMC)

2. Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD)

6. Answer the following questions in detail:

a. What is meant by a multi-party system?

Ans. A multi-party system is a political system where multiple political parties have the capacity to gain control of government offices, either separately or in coalition with others.

b. Who forms an opposition? How is the opposition important in a democracy?

Ans. The opposition is formed by political parties that are not in power but hold significant representation in the legislative body. They serve as a check and balance on the ruling party, providing scrutiny, alternative policies, and representing the interests of those who didn't vote for the ruling party. They contribute to accountability, debate, and the functioning of a healthy democracy.

c. What are general elections? What is the role of the Election Commission in the general elections in India?

Ans. General elections are nationwide elections to elect members of the legislative body. The Election Commission of India oversees the entire electoral process, ensuring fairness, integrity, and adherence to election laws.

d. What are elections? What are the requirements for fair elections?

Ans. Elections are formal processes where citizens choose their representatives or decide on specific issues by casting their votes. Fair elections require universal suffrage, transparency, free and fair campaigning, impartial administration, security, oversight, accountability, and accessible voting.

e. The right to vote was not always a universal right. Explain with examples.

Ans. The right to vote has not always been universal. Examples include women's suffrage movements, racial discrimination in voting rights, restrictions based on property ownership or wealth, and age requirements.